Naseeruddin
became the king of India but spent half of his life in exile and in the desert.
He was interested in astronomy and mathematics but lost his empire due to a lack
of empire arrangements and the betrayal of his brothers. But he did not give up. He
succeeded in ascending the throne of India again. Naseeruddin Humayun was born
on March 6, 1508, in Kabul. Humayun was seventeen years old when he started
giving advice to his father Babar in national affairs.
At
that time, the biggest challenge for Babar was the battle of Panipat. In which
he faced Ibrahim Lodhi, Sultan of Delhi. Babar gave him a major challenge to
Humayun in the first battle of Panipat in 1526. He had to compete with Hamid
Khan, a key commander of Lodhi. Because it was his job to stop Babar and
Humayun from advancing in Punjab. Humayun and Hamid Khan met at Hisar Feroze,
164 km from Delhi in the Indian state of Haryana.
It
was here that Humayun defeated this important commander of Ibrahim Lodhi. Babar
won the first battle of Panipat and ascended the throne of Delhi. When Babar
entered Agra for the throne of Delhi, Humayun handed over the treasure of Koh-I-Noor
Hira and Gwalior to his father Babar. But Babar returned Koh-I-Noor to Humayun
as a gift. After ascending the throne of Delhi, Babar was constantly training
his son in the war.
In
1527, when the time came for Babar to crush the revolt of his old ally Rana
Sanga, Humayun was with him. This battle is called the Battle of Kanawha. In
which Babar defeated Rana Sangha. In 1528, at the age of twenty, Humayun was
appointed governor of Badakhshan. In return for his military service, Babar
gave him the fiery estate of Hisar. Giving this jagir a gift meant that he
could now carry out his views and services in government affairs as Crown
Prince.
King
Babar died on 26 December 1530 in Agra. Humayun's coronation took place on
December 30, 1530, and he was the second Mughal ruler to ascend the throne of
Delhi. On this occasion, boats full of gold were distributed among the people. As
soon as Humayun ascended the throne, the empire began to stabilize and the
voices of rebellion began to resound. Some of his brothers and some of the top
officers of Babar's army stood against him.
His
brother Kamran Mirza, who was the governor of Kabul and Kandahar, now plans to
become the ruler of Punjab. And to accomplish this he left Kabul for India. However,
Humayun, aware of his plan, appointed him Subedar of Punjab and Peshawar. The
move immediately allayed fears of a coup by Kamran Mirza. Nevertheless, his
dangers did not diminish, and he was surrounded by rebels. He confronted the
Pathans of Jaunpur, the Afghans of Bengal, and the Sultans of Gujarat, one by
one, and crushed their revolts one by one.
But
that was not enough. His brothers Kamran Mirza and Mirza Hindal also put him in
constant trouble. Kamran Mirza set out from Lahore with 10,000 cavalries to
attack Humayun's throne, even when Humayun was not in Delhi. He was fighting in
Rohtas against a rebel who had once been an employee of King Babar. But in
Delhi, its commander, Fakhr-ud-Din Ali, thwarted Kamran Mirza's attack. Kamran
Mirza returned to Lahore defeated.
He
went back but lost to Humayun Sher Khan. Sher Khan even forced Humayun to flee
India. Humayun left the throne of Delhi and was exiled to Iran. And Sher Khan
took over the government of India and founded the Sultanate of Sur and took the
title of Sher Shah Suri from Sher Khan himself. Now the exiled Humayun was in
direct competition with Sher Shah Suri. Sher Shah went on defeating Humayun in
a few small battles.
Humayun
even stumbled across the river Ravi. It was a very difficult time for him. Meanwhile,
his son Akbar was born at Umerkot. Survivor Naseer-ud-Din Humayun reached Herat
on 11 July 1543 where he was received by Sultan Muhammad Mirza, the eldest son
of the Shah of Iran. He arrived in Iran with his beloved wife and 40 others. After
meeting Shah Tahmasp Safavi in 1544, excellent relations were established
between the two.
Shah
Tahmasp arranged for Humayun to be given his glorious army. Humayun with an
army of 30,000 was sent to fight in Punjab. Humayun reached Kandahar via Tabriz
and Mashhad, where his brother Askari Mirza was in possession. The siege of
Kandahar lasted for 6 months and the military Mirza fled to Iraq, then Humayun
handed over Kandahar to Iran as promised. Now it was Kabul's turn, with
Humayun's second brother, Kamran Mirza, ruling.
Humayun's commander-in-chief, Bairam Khan, had met behind the scenes with Kamran Mirza's
rebel chiefs, who had helped Humayun march on Kabul. Kamran left Kabul and fled
to the Pathans of Ghazni and thus in November 1554 Kabul was captured by
Humayun. But Kamran Mirza, Humayun's half-brother, did not stop the revolts. Humayun
finally captured him. Then they blindfolded him and sent him for Hajj. He died
there.
Kamran's
Baradari near Lahore is built by Kamran Mirza, the brother of Humayun. In 1554,
Humayun left Kabul for India. When he reached Punjab, his army was not more
than 15,000 But Humayun's resolve was not disrupted. He advanced and captured
the fort Rohtas built by Sher Shah Suri between Multan and Punjab. He then
occupied Depalpur and other cities and on 22nd February 1555, he became the
ruler of Punjab.
Now
Sikandar Shah Suri left Delhi with 80,000 cavalry and many cannons and
elephants to compete. On 18 June 1555, a decisive battle was fought between the
two armies at Sirhind In which the history of India for the next three hundred
years was decided. The young Prince Akbar fought valiantly and in this bloody
battle, Alexander Shah Suri escaped from the battlefield and went to the hills
of Shivalik and Humayun sent Mughal troops to Delhi and Agra.
After
a long exile of 15 years, on July 23, 1555, Humayun again ascended the throne
of Babar in Delhi. But this time the joy and success lasted only a few days. He
took a walk on the balcony of the library in his newly built fortress of Deen
Panah in January 1556. He sat down to breathe in the fresh air coming from the
river, there was an open field in front of him. But this astronomical emperor
was eager to see the rising of the planet Venus.
As
soon as it was time for Maghrib's prayers, he started going down and down the
stairs to perform the prayers. When the muezzin started giving the call to prayer,
Humayun stopped to answer the call to prayer. For this purpose, he sat on the
second step so that he could go down as soon as the call to prayer was
completed. When the muezzin had given the call to prayer, he got up with the
help of the stick which he used to hold in his hand.
The pointed part of the stick slipped off the marble ladder and Humayun fell down
the stairs. He was laid unconscious in bed, the eloquence was answered and he
died of his injuries in Delhi at the age of 48. On his grave, his son Jalal
Uddin Muhammad Akbar built a magnificent mausoleum which is today known as
Humayun's Tomb.
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