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Story of Operation Gibraltar (1965)

Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah asked a question to President General Ayub Khan in 1964. She asked that American military aid to India was the talk of the town. And India would use this aid against Pakistan. "I want to know how it happened." America was your friend. Why did you lose this friend? Everyone living in the East and the West Pakistan wanted to get the answer to this question. This question came up in the early era of Ayub Khan when industrial development was fast taking place. Now it had become clear that this progress was due to Pakistan's support to America against Russia. In return Pakistan had secured economic aid from America. This aid was being spent on the construction of Tarbela, Mangla dams and many other projects. But the Indo-China war in 1962, changed the scenario. America turned its face on Pakistan and started to give military aid to India. On the one side, America was giving military aid to India on the other, India was annexing Kashmir to its territo
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East India Company

 


The British east India had ruled India for almost about 200 years. It plundered India, looted its artifacts traded slaves and of course laid the foundation of the British raj in India. The east India Company owned India and much of the Indian subcontinent not for one or two but a good 250 years.

The company was founded in the year 1600 by a group of English merchants. they pulled in nearly 70 000 pounds to start the company which was originally meant to trade spices.


In 1613 the company established its first factory in Surat that's in present-day Gujarat. In 1757 the east India Company seized control of the Mughal state of Bengal through force. The east India Company’s charter authorized it to wage war. Back then it had a 3 000 person strong army. It was led by Robert Clive went on to become the governor of Bengal.

Soon the east India Company shoot the French and the Dutch from the Indian subcontinent. It went on to conquer a big chunk of the Mughal Empire which includes present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and half of Afghanistan.


Now if you think a Facebook or apple or google is powerful consider this the east India Company dominated much of the Indian subcontinent between 1611 and 1858. It literally owned this territory at its height the company had an army of 260 000, that's more than the present day British army.

The company was responsible for almost 50% of world trade and enjoyed a near monopoly on the global tea business. The east India Company was the most powerful corporation. The world had ever seen it controlled everything from the opium trade to the slave trade.


In 1858, the British government ended the company's rule. In India, by 1874 the company was dissolved.

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